﻿* Encoding: UTF-8.

/* Jones_Adviser to the King: Experts, Rationalization and Legitimacy

/* Study 1: Effects of Expert Involvement and Reform Type 
/* Data file Jones_Study1.sav)

VALUE LABELS
ExpertsYN
1 'No experts'
2 'Experts'.
Execute.

VALUE LABELS
gender
1 'Female'
2 'Male'.
Execute.

VALUE LABELS
TypeProject
1 'Education'
2 'Infrastructure'.
Execute.

VALUE LABELS
GroupNum
1 'Education - No Experts'
2 'Infrastructure - No Experts'
3 'Education - Experts'
4 'Infrastructure - Experts'.
Execute.

VALUE LABELS
religiosity
1 'Religious'
2 'Somewhat religious'
3 'Not religious'.
Execute.

compute parented = mean(fathered,mothered).

VALUE LABELS
parented
mothered
fathered
1 'None'
2 'Elementary or primary'
3 'Secondary'
4 'BA or college diploma'
5 'MA or higher'.
Execute.

VALUE LABELS
income
1 'Low'
4 'Middle'
7 'High'. 
Execute.

VARIABLE LABELS
ExpertsYN 'Expert Involvement'
TypeProject 'Type of Reform Project'
supportplan 'Do you support or oppose the plan proposed by politicians [and international experts]'
pctsupportplan 'What percentage of Kuwait’s population do you think will support the plan proposed by politicians [and international experts]?'
robustness 'Now, to what extent do you support the plan?'
pctsucceed 'On average, what percentage of projects like this would you say succeed?'
succeedcertain 'How certain are you that the plan proposed by the political leaders [and international experts] will succeed?'
lovecountry 'I love my country'
proudcitizen 'I am proud to be a citizen of my country'
techoptimism 'How confident are you that advanced technologies will improve global healthcare within the next five years?'
achoptimism 'If you had to guess, how many Nobel Prize winners do you think Kuwait will produce over the next 10 years? Enter a number.'
parented 'Parental education'.
Execute.

compute supportplan_01 = supportplan/7.
compute pctsupportplan_01 = pctsupportplan/11.
compute pctsucceed_01 = pctsucceed/11.
compute succeedcertain_01 = succeedcertain/7.
compute lovecountry_01 = lovecountry/7.
compute proudcitizen_01 = proudcitizen/7.

compute support_index_01 = mean(supportplan_01,pctsupportplan_01).
compute success_index_01 = mean(pctsucceed_01,succeedcertain_01).
compute robustness_01 = robustness/7.
compute patriot_index_01 = mean(lovecountry_01,proudcitizen_01).
compute techoptimism_01 = techoptimism/7. 
Execute.


VARIABLE LABELS
support_index_01 'Support for reform'
success_index_01 'Confidence in reform'
patriot_index_01 'Patriotism'
robustness_01 'Robustness of support'
techoptimism_01 'Optimism about technological progress'
achoptimism 'Optimism about human achievement (Kuwaiti Nobel Prize winners)'.
Execute.

/* Descriptive statistics and balance tests.(Appendix C)

ONEWAY age religiosity income parented BY GroupNum
  /STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES
  /MISSING ANALYSIS.

/*Descriptive statistics for Experts and No Experts conditions (Table 2 and Figure 1)

MEANS TABLES=support_index_01 success_index_01 robustness_01 patriot_index_01 techoptimism_01
    achoptimism BY ExpertsYN
  /CELLS=MEAN COUNT STDDEV.


/* Model 1, dependent variables regressed on dichotomous indicators for expert involvement (1=no experts, 2=experts) and type of reform (1=education, 2=infrastructure 
/* (Table 2 for main effects of experts, and Appendix D for main effects of reform type)

REGRESSION
  /DESCRIPTIVES MEAN STDDEV CORR SIG N
  /MISSING LISTWISE
  /STATISTICS COEFF OUTS R ANOVA
  /CRITERIA=PIN(.05) POUT(.10)
  /NOORIGIN
  /DEPENDENT support_index_01
  /METHOD=ENTER ExpertsYN TypeProject.
 
REGRESSION
  /DESCRIPTIVES MEAN STDDEV CORR SIG N
  /MISSING LISTWISE
  /STATISTICS COEFF OUTS R ANOVA
  /CRITERIA=PIN(.05) POUT(.10)
  /NOORIGIN
  /DEPENDENT success_index_01
  /METHOD=ENTER ExpertsYN TypeProject.

REGRESSION
  /DESCRIPTIVES MEAN STDDEV CORR SIG N
  /MISSING LISTWISE
  /STATISTICS COEFF OUTS R ANOVA
  /CRITERIA=PIN(.05) POUT(.10)
  /NOORIGIN
  /DEPENDENT robustness_01
  /METHOD=ENTER ExpertsYN TypeProject.
  
REGRESSION
  /DESCRIPTIVES MEAN STDDEV CORR SIG N
  /MISSING LISTWISE
  /STATISTICS COEFF OUTS R ANOVA
  /CRITERIA=PIN(.05) POUT(.10)
  /NOORIGIN
  /DEPENDENT patriot_index_01
  /METHOD=ENTER ExpertsYN TypeProject.

REGRESSION
  /DESCRIPTIVES MEAN STDDEV CORR SIG N
  /MISSING LISTWISE
  /STATISTICS COEFF OUTS R ANOVA
  /CRITERIA=PIN(.05) POUT(.10)
  /NOORIGIN
  /DEPENDENT techoptimism_01
  /METHOD=ENTER ExpertsYN TypeProject.

REGRESSION
  /DESCRIPTIVES MEAN STDDEV CORR SIG N
  /MISSING LISTWISE
  /STATISTICS COEFF OUTS R ANOVA
  /CRITERIA=PIN(.05) POUT(.10)
  /NOORIGIN
  /DEPENDENT achoptimism
  /METHOD=ENTER ExpertsYN TypeProject.



/*regressions with controls for religiosity and parental education 

REGRESSION
  /DESCRIPTIVES MEAN STDDEV CORR SIG N
  /MISSING LISTWISE
  /STATISTICS COEFF OUTS R ANOVA
  /CRITERIA=PIN(.05) POUT(.10)
  /NOORIGIN
  /DEPENDENT support_index_01
  /METHOD=ENTER ExpertsYN TypeProject
  /METHOD=ENTER religiosity parented.

REGRESSION
  /DESCRIPTIVES MEAN STDDEV CORR SIG N
  /MISSING LISTWISE
  /STATISTICS COEFF OUTS R ANOVA
  /CRITERIA=PIN(.05) POUT(.10)
  /NOORIGIN
  /DEPENDENT success_index_01
  /METHOD=ENTER ExpertsYN TypeProject
  /METHOD=ENTER religiosity parented.

REGRESSION
  /DESCRIPTIVES MEAN STDDEV CORR SIG N
  /MISSING LISTWISE
  /STATISTICS COEFF OUTS R ANOVA
  /CRITERIA=PIN(.05) POUT(.10)
  /NOORIGIN
  /DEPENDENT robustness_01
  /METHOD=ENTER ExpertsYN TypeProject
  /METHOD=ENTER religiosity parented.

REGRESSION
  /DESCRIPTIVES MEAN STDDEV CORR SIG N
  /MISSING LISTWISE
  /STATISTICS COEFF OUTS R ANOVA
  /CRITERIA=PIN(.05) POUT(.10)
  /NOORIGIN
  /DEPENDENT patriot_index_01
  /METHOD=ENTER ExpertsYN TypeProject
  /METHOD=ENTER religiosity parented.

REGRESSION
  /DESCRIPTIVES MEAN STDDEV CORR SIG N
  /MISSING LISTWISE
  /STATISTICS COEFF OUTS R ANOVA
  /CRITERIA=PIN(.05) POUT(.10)
  /NOORIGIN
  /DEPENDENT techoptimism_01
  /METHOD=ENTER ExpertsYN TypeProject
  /METHOD=ENTER religiosity parented.


REGRESSION
  /DESCRIPTIVES MEAN STDDEV CORR SIG N
  /MISSING LISTWISE
  /STATISTICS COEFF OUTS R ANOVA
  /CRITERIA=PIN(.05) POUT(.10)
  /NOORIGIN
  /DEPENDENT achoptimism
  /METHOD=ENTER ExpertsYN TypeProject
  /METHOD=ENTER religiosity parented.

/* Descriptive statistics for reform type (Appendix D)

MEANS TABLES=support_index_01 success_index_01 robustness_01 patriot_index_01 techoptimism_01
    achoptimism BY TypeProject
  /CELLS=MEAN COUNT STDDEV.

/* SPSS syntax to create Figure 1.  (Note: Actual graphs that appear in the paper were created in Excel.)
/* Chart Builder.

* Chart Builder.
GGRAPH
  /GRAPHDATASET NAME="graphdataset" VARIABLES=ExpertsYN
    MEAN(support_index_01)[name="MEAN_support_index_01"] TypeProject MISSING=LISTWISE REPORTMISSING=NO
  /GRAPHSPEC SOURCE=INLINE.
BEGIN GPL
  SOURCE: s=userSource(id("graphdataset"))
  DATA: ExpertsYN=col(source(s), name("ExpertsYN"), unit.category())
  DATA: MEAN_support_index_01=col(source(s), name("MEAN_support_index_01"))
  DATA: TypeProject=col(source(s), name("TypeProject"), unit.category())
  COORD: rect(dim(1,2), cluster(3,0))
  GUIDE: axis(dim(3), label("Experts Involvement"))
  GUIDE: axis(dim(2), label("Mean Support for reform"))
  GUIDE: legend(aesthetic(aesthetic.color.interior), label("Type of Reform Project"))
  SCALE: cat(dim(3), include("1", "2"))
  SCALE: linear(dim(2), min(.56), max(.72))
  SCALE: cat(aesthetic(aesthetic.color.interior), include("1.00", "2.00"))
  SCALE: cat(dim(1), include("1.00", "2.00"))
  ELEMENT: interval(position(TypeProject*MEAN_support_index_01*ExpertsYN),
    color.interior(TypeProject), shape.interior(shape.square))
END GPL.



